Geoproblems in Urban Centres in EU countries and Norway

Europe's cities are at risk geologically. Hazards: cave-in, river floods, coastal erosion, landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, land subsidence. Average economic loss from natural disasters was $45 billion in 1993 (0,23% world GNP); EU $3,3 billion in 1993. Over 500 people killed in Europe by natural disasters (400 geological). UN predicts 60 cities >5 million by 2000; 74% Europeans in cities, 83% by 2025. Munich Reinsurance estimates losses 100 billion in 2000, 270 billion in 2010, 700 billion in 2020. 20 tons earth resources per capita per year. 500 kg waste/person/year (OECD 3% increase pa). Cities trigger geo-risks. Buildings increasingly tall; underground constructions increase. GEURBAN Urban Topic Network in EuroGeoSurveys identified 15 key geoproblems in 16 European countries: 7 geological/topographical (collapse, landslides, earthquakes, flooding), 5 human interference (contaminated land, derelict, groundwater/surface water pollution, waste), 3 natural resources (construction materials, water, arable land). Cities most affected: Portugal, France, followed by Sweden, Italy, Greece, Spain. ~7,000 geoscientists ready to assist with prediction, mitigation, prevention.